Peptide Science

Peptide ingredients are regulated by application and by region. A guide to cosmetic regulation (EU, US, China) and food-grade peptide regulation across major markets.

Amino acids are the building blocks, peptides are short defined chains, and proteins are long folded chains. Here is how the three compare and why size matters for ingredients.

Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is how most peptide ingredients are made. Learn the step-by-step chemistry, purification, and how peptides are verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry.

Peptides are short chains of amino acids between amino acids and proteins. Learn the basics: structure, production via SPPS, main commercial categories, and how peptide quality is verified.