The Regulatory Landscape for Peptide Ingredients
Peptide ingredients are regulated by application and by region. A guide to cosmetic regulation (EU, US, China) and food-grade peptide regulation across major markets.
Peptide Science
Food-Grade Peptides
Food-Grade Peptides: From Collagen to Plant Peptides
Food-grade peptides are produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of food proteins. Learn how collagen, soy, rice, and pea peptides are made, characterized, and used in foods and beverages.
Cosmetic Peptides
Cosmetic Peptides 101: GHK-Cu, Hexapeptide-8, and Pentapeptide-4
An educational introduction to cosmetic peptides: what they are, why sequence matters, and the science behind well-known examples like GHK-Cu, acetyl hexapeptide-8, and palmitoyl pentapeptide-4.
Peptide Science
Peptide vs Protein vs Amino Acid: What’s the Difference?
Amino acids are the building blocks, peptides are short defined chains, and proteins are long folded chains. Here is how the three compare and why size matters for ingredients.
Peptide Science
How Peptides Are Made: Solid-Phase Synthesis Explained
Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is how most peptide ingredients are made. Learn the step-by-step chemistry, purification, and how peptides are verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry.
Peptide Science
What Are Peptides? The Science, Simply Explained
Peptides are short chains of amino acids between amino acids and proteins. Learn the basics: structure, production via SPPS, main commercial categories, and how peptide quality is verified.